The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a glucoside compound through immobilized catalyzing of a magnetic nanoparticle substrate, and belongs to the technical field of biology. Immobilized phenol is used for replacing the traditional free substrate to catalyze and react under the optimum reaction condition, so as to obtain a target product; the utilization rate of the immobilized substrate can reach 80 to 99%, and the output of the target product is 10 to 200g/L, and is increased by 2 to 3 times on the existing study basis. The method comprises the technology steps of selection and preparation of magnetic nanoparticles, optimizing of reaction conditions, separation and purification of the product, recycling and reutilizing of an immobilized carrier, and the like. The method has the advantages that the adding amount of the substrate phenol matter is effectively increased, the toxic action of the substrate to a biological catalyst is eliminated, the subsequent product separation and purification technology is simplified, and the discharge of toxic wastewater in the production process is greatly reduced; the output is high, the production technology is simple, the service life of the catalyst is long, the environment-friendly effect is realized, and the like; the production cost of the target product is greatly reduced, and a foundation is laid for the large-scale and low-cost production of the glucoside compound.