The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing high-magnetic-strength non-oriented silicon steel thin products on the basis of thin-strip casting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) smelting molten steel according to set ingredients, wherein the molten steel comprises the following ingredients in percentages by mass: less than or equal to 0.003% of C, 2.0-3.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.01% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.003% of Al, 0.02-0.06% of P, less than or equal to 0.003% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; (2) carrying out thin-strip casting to obtain a cast strip; (3) carrying out hot rolling under the condition of an inert atmosphere; (4) reeling the cast strip after the cast strip is cooled to the temperature of 650 DEG C, removing iron oxide scale and then carrying out single-stage multi-pass cold rolling; and (5) carrying out continuous annealing on the cold rolled strip, coating the cold rolled strip with an insulating layer and then drying the insulating layer to obtain the high-performance non-oriented silicon steel thin products. The method is based on a thin-strip casting technology, the process is simplified, the production cost is reduced, and the magnetic performance of the non-oriented silicon steel thin finished products is improved.