The present invention discloses a detection apparatus and a detection method. The detection apparatus comprises: a sampling device for collecting sample to be detected; a sample pre-processing device configured to pre-process the sample from the sampling device; and a sample analyzing device for separating the sample pre-processed by the sample pre-processing device and analyzing the separated sample. The detection apparatus of the present invention is miniaturization and high precision, is capable of detecting quickly and accurately gaseous phase substrate or particulate substrate, and is suitable for safety inspections on airports, ports, subway stations, etc.