The invention relates to a learning working condition monitoring system based on single channel brain waves, wherein a signal collector comprises a head bracket which is mounted on the head of a user; a brain wave signal collecting electrode closely fitted with the head of the user is arranged at the top end of the head bracket; an ear lobe electrode closely fitted with an ear of the user is arranged at the bottom end of the head bracket; the brain wave signal collecting electrode is used for collecting brain wave signals; the ear lobe electrode is used as a ground line for eliminating background noise; the signal collector is used for sending collected brain wave signals to a signal classification and feature extraction module through a preprocessing and wireless communication module; the signal classification and feature extraction module is used for performing processing and correlation analysis on the extracted brain wave signals to monitor the learning work status of the user by the brain waves, and sending the learning work status of the user to a user terminal system. By utilizing the learning working condition monitoring system based on single channel brain waves, the user can learn and work with optimal efficiency at most time.