The invention provides a multi-torque control speed self-propelled trolley driven by gravitational potential energy. The self-propelled trolley is characterized in that reels with different shaft diameters are adopted, and the reels are driven to rotate along with falling of a standard weight when the trolley adopting different coiling modes advances to different track stages, so that the trolley has different driving torques and different advancing speeds to achieve the functions of climbing up and down slopes, bypassing obstacles and the like. According to the multi-torque control speed self-propelled trolley, during wire coiling, the only requirement is to select start and stop coiling journals and respective coiling numbers of turns according to demands on the output torque and the advancing speed. Therefore, the operation is simple, convenient and quick.