The invention discloses a quickly detaching mechanism for the blades of a flying vehicle, and a flying robot. The quickly detaching mechanism for the blades of the flying vehicle comprises a fastening bolt, a spring, a blade unit, a slide block, a limiting sleeve, a positioning pin and a motor, wherein in an assembled state of the mechanism, the limiting sleeve is arranged in an installation groove having two open ends and installed in the central connection part of the blade unit; the slide block and the spring are arranged in the limiting sleeve; the fastening bolt is located in the first opening of the installation groove installed in the central connection part of the blade unit and is fixed to the limiting sleeve; the spring is located between the slide block and the fastening bolt; the fastening bolt tightly presses the spring and the slide block; and the positioning pin is fixedly arranged on the motor and fixes the limiting sleeve onto the motor.