The invention discloses a test device used for simulating concrete panel cushion layer static friction force and kinetic friction force. The test device comprises a pedestal; a plurality of steel ball tracks are arranged on the pedestal transversely; a plurality of steel balls are arranged in each steel ball tracks; the upper surfaces of the steel ball tracks and the steel balls are provided with a cushion layer block; the upper surface of the cushion layer block is provided with a concrete panel test piece; the transverse two sides of the concrete panel test pieces are provided with fixed steel plates; the fixed steel plates are used for preventing the concrete panel test piece to perform transverse movement; the top of the concrete panel test piece is provided with a loading cover; the upper part of the loading cover is provided with a loading shaft; one transverse side of the cushion layer block is provided with a jack used for loading the cushion layer block with force, and a pressure sensor, and the other transverse side of the cushion layer block is provided with a displacement sensor. The test device can be used for loading concrete panel test pieces with static friction force and kinetic friction force, is capable of representing water pressure loaded by panels, and representing concrete panel practical stress states, so that study on mechanical properties of concrete panels is realized.