The invention discloses a coal mining machine roller automatic height regulating device based on image recognition. The device comprises an image pickup module, an image recognition processing module, a coal mining machine rocker arm height regulating module, an image pickup monitoring module and a roller track tracking sensor module, wherein the image pickup module is used for shooting a coal mining working face coal rock image and putting the image into the image recognition processing module and the image pickup monitoring module; the image recognition processing module is used for recognizing the coal mining working face coal rock image boundary, and inputting the recognizing result into the coal mining machine rocker arm height regulating module; the coal mining machine rocker arm height regulating module is used for controlling the automatic height regulation of a coal mining machine roller; the image pickup monitoring module is used for monitoring whether the coal mining machine roller generates contact with rock stratums or not during the whole coal working face cutting; the roller track tracking sensor module is used for performing path detection calculation on a coal mining machine rocker arm, and comparing the fitting degree of the coal rock interface in the collected image. The device has the advantages that the coal mining efficiency is high and the reliability is high.