The invention discloses a method for evaluating carbon emission in asphalt surface course construction. According to the method, the carbon emission in the asphalt surface course construction is divided into 8 units of site stockpiling, aggregate loading, aggregate heating, asphalt heating, asphalt mixture mixing, transportation, paving and grinding according to different unit processes of the asphalt surface course construction, and a carbon emission source is defined into energy consumption carbon emission generated by using of mechanical equipment and a transport cart, and carbon emission of asphalt and asphalt mixtures under a high-temperature state. According to the method, corresponding asphalt surface course construction carbon emission calculation formulas are established according to different construction units and carbon sources under the historical background of energy conservation and emission reduction as well as low carbon and environment protection, the carbon emission loads are graded, and an asphalt surface course carbon emission evaluation method is established on above basis, so that a research direction is indicated for the change, from a high carbon emission mode to a low carbon emission mode, of the later asphalt surface course construction process, and great significance is brought to remit the greenhouse effect and propel the research process of low-carbon type roads.