The invention relates to a novel rock conventional three-axis compression test device. The novel rock conventional three-axis compression test device is characterized in that a first press head, a rock sample and a second press head are sequentially and coaxially arranged on a base from top to bottom; the rock sample is respectively in sealed connection with the first press head and the second press head through sealing assemblies, and comprises axial stress areas, an annular restraint area and an effective force action area; the effective force action area is positioned in the middle part of the rock sample, the axial stress areas are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the effective force action area, and the annular restraint area is arranged around the axial stress areas and is tangential with the curve surface of the side surface of the effective force action area; the first press head and the second press head are respectively connected with the axial stress areas at both of two ends of the effective force action area in a surface-to-surface way. The novel rock conventional three-axis compression test device and a test method have the advantages that by adopting the dumbbell-shaped rock sample, the influence to the testing result by the end effect is effectively eliminated, and the sealing effect is good; the middle part of the rock sample is in a column shape, an axial extensometer and an annular extensometer are conveniently arranged, the measuring accuracy is high, the practicality is strong, and the application prospect is broad.