The invention discloses a heating furnace visual combustion control system based on multi-parameter detection. The system comprises a CO analyzer for online precise detection of the content of CO in smoke, an O2 analyzer used for online detection of the content of O2 in a hearth, a visual monitoring device, a pressure sensor, a frequency converter, an induced draft fan, a driver, an air door baffle and a DCS control system, wherein the DCS control system is in closed-loop control connection with the CO analyzer, the O2 analyzer and the pressure sensor and controls the driver and the frequency converter according to the set control system safety adjusting threshold value, and the combustion state of the heating furnace is optimized and adjusted; the visual monitoring device displays the combustion state of a nozzle in the heating furnace, the combustion efficiency is estimated, the temperature uniformity and longitudinal temperature gradient of the hearth are calculated, and a control method of the heating furnace visual combustion control system is further disclosed. The multi-parameter visual combustion control method is adopted, the heating furnace is constantly in a theory close combustion state, the combustion efficiency is improved, the device running efficiency is improved, pollutant emission is reduced, and especially emission of CO2 and NOx is reduced.