The invention discloses a visualization-based bridge health monitoring system and method, and relates to the field of bridge monitoring. The system includes a data collection module used for collecting related information of a bridge; an on-site data processing module used for receiving, filtering and storing data information acquired by all data collectors; a plurality of on-site databases used for storing the data information after filtering and checking by the on-site data collection module; an on-site collector analysis and management module used for detecting the working states of the collectors; a central database module used for receiving all on-site data information and collector state information; and a background analysis module used for judging whether the data collection module is connected with the background analysis module in real time, whether the bridge runs normally is judged according to the data information, and an analysis result is written in the central database module. The visualization-based bridge health monitoring system provided by the invention can avoid database redundancy, and improve the rate of detecting and maintaining detection equipment.