The invention relates to the field of laser drilling and discloses a laser drilling system and method. The laser drilling system comprises a multipath beam splitting device, annular beam conversion devices and a vibration mirror which are sequentially arranged along laser paths. The annular beam conversion devices are arranged on all the laser paths produced by the multipath beam splitting device correspondingly. The multipath beam splitting device comprises a pyramid lens used for splitting laser rays into multipath beams, and triple prisms used for reflex parallelling of the multipath beams. The pyramid lens and the triple prisms are sequentially arranged along the laser paths. Each annular beam conversion device comprises an axicon lens used for converting laser beams into annular laser beams, plano-concave conical lenses used for reflex parallelling of the annular laser beams, a focusing lens used for focusing the laser beams, and a second aligning lens used for aligning the laser beams, and the axicon lens, the plano-concave conical lenses, the focusing lens and the second aligning lens are sequentially arranged along the laser paths. By adopting the laser drilling system, energy resources can be saved, and the drilling efficiency can be improved geometrically through the laser drilling system and method.