The invention discloses a low-temperature grinding, rust removal and polishing treatment device for the sheet metal surface and belongs to the technical field of machines. The treatment device comprises a first linear mechanism, a second linear mechanism, a cooling liquid circulating system, a grinding mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a control cabinet and a rack. The control cabinet, the lifting mechanism, the cooling liquid circulating system and the first linear mechanism are mounted on the rack. According to the treatment device, stroke proximity switches on the side face of a bottom plate of the linear mechanism are adjusted according to the length and width of sheet metal so as to control the stoke of a moving platform of the first linear mechanism and the stroke of a moving platform of the second linear mechanism, the lifting mechanism is adjusted according to the thickness of the sheet metal, a grinding wheel conducts grinding while the linear mechanism does reciprocating motion, and the grinding uniformity of the sheet metal is guaranteed; and meanwhile the cooling liquid circulating system is additionally arranged on the treatment device, and the problem that the metal lattice changes due to the heating of metal to be ground is reduced. The device is easy to operate, controllable in precision, suitable for grinding of sheet metal with different sizes in a laboratory and wider in application range.