The invention discloses a strong vibration sensor circuit for a high-voltage circuit breaker and a signal acquisition system. The circuit comprises a charge-voltage conversion unit, a second-order low pass filter unit and a multi-gear amplifying unit, can receive huge charge quantity produced by a strong vibration signal of a high-voltage-class sensor testing high-voltage circuit breaker and can still work stably even under the situation that an electromagnetic environment is severe. The charge-voltage conversion unit adopts a self-discharge integral circuit having a direct-current eliminating function, the multi-gear amplifying unit adopts a fixed resistor for splicing and gear shifting, the resistance value dispersity is small, gear shifting is accurate, a positioner is designed, the dispersity of a sensor is offset, and the problems of low charge sensitivity at high accelerated speed and poor electromagnetic environment at high voltage class are solved. The circuit is simple in principle, ingenious in design, suitable for occasions where strong vibration is acquired and the electromagnetic environment is severe and is beneficial to popularization, and the costs of voltage classes are low.