The invention relates to a method for large-area land preparation and rice plantation in desert areas. A large-area plantation structure subjected to land preparation comprises a base layer, an anti-seepage layer and an improved matrix layer from bottom to top, wherein the base layer refers to original desert soil, the anti-seepage layer is a tamped boggy soil layer, the bottom of the boggy soil layer is in close adhesion with the base layer, and the improved matrix layer is formed by mixing of fermented pig manure, mushroom residues and the original desert soil. Specifically, the large-area plantation structure is formed by sand pouring for furrowing, paving of the anti-seepage layer, additional arrangement of ridges and sand field improvement. By adoption of the method, the problem of water seepage is well solved, breathability is achieved by adoption of the tamped boggy soil as the anti-seepage layer, and large-area rice plantation in deserts is realized. The rice plantation method high in yield and efficiency and low in water consumption is provided on the basis of the deserts.