The invention discloses advancing compensation type cable-stayed bridge overall cable-replacement equipment and a cable-replacement method using the equipment. The equipment comprises an advancing system and a supporting compensation system; the supporting compensation system comprises a main truss, a main beam fixing device arranged on the main truss and a cable dismounting compensation device arranged on the main truss; and the advancing system comprises a fixed vertical crawling ladder, a movable vertical crawling ladder and a traction braking system. The method comprises the steps that (1) the supporting compensation system is moved to the position where cables need to be replaced; (2) the supporting compensation system and a main beam with the to-be-replaced cables are fixed; (3) cable replacement is implemented, and in the old cable graded cable-dismounting process, cable dismounting force is synchronously compensated through the cable dismounting compensation device; (4) fixing is removed; and (5) the steps are repeated till all the cables are replaced. According to the cable-replacement equipment, in cable replacement, base pressure stress of a concrete beam of a cable-replacement area is synchronously compensated and increased, the phenomenon that in the cable-replacement process, due to tensile stress, diseases occur to bottom edges is avoided, the safety degree is increased, and it is possible that the pull cables or the long cables in the area where cable-stayed bridge pressure reserve is small are replaced while traffic carrying is not affected.