The invention discloses a coal miner inertial positioning precision improving method combining a mining process and a coal miner motion model; a coal miner employs a scraper conveyer as a motion track, the coal miner has a speed only in the track direction and zero speeds in other two directions, and a first filter is designed via restraint conditions of the coal miner in the traction direction; after the coal miner cuts a coal wall, the scraper conveyer is driven by a hydraulic support pushing cylinder to advance in working face stoping direction, a scraper conveyer trajectory of the coal miner in next cutting is predicted according to the displacement of the hydraulic support pushing cylinder and an optimally estimated scraper conveyer trajectory and is used as a restraint condition for next running of the coal miner, and a second filter is designed; the two filters are combined, so that inertial positioning precision of the coal miner is greatly increased. The method comprehensively integrates the unique operational characteristics of the coal miner on a fully mechanized working face, and the problem that the coal miner has poor inertial navigation long-term positioning precision is partly solved.