The invention relates to a die structure component for improving deformation of a dog bone upset rod part and an upsetting method of the die structure component and belongs to the field of automobile parts. The die structure component for improving the deformation of the dog bone upset rod part comprises a press, a dog bone upset body, an upper die, a lower die, an upper positioning block and a lower positioning block; the dog bone upset body is composed of a dog bone head part, the dog bone rod part and a dog bone tail part which are mutually connected; the upper die and the lower die are arranged up and down, are mutually matched and are both connected with the press; the upper positioning block is installed on the upper die; the lower positioning block is installed on the lower die; and the dog bone upset body is arranged between the upper die and the lower die. The invention also provides the upsetting method, convenient to operate, of the die structure component for improving the deformation of the dog bone upset rod part. The die structure component has a simple structure, is reasonable in design, low in cost and convenient to operate, ensures the diameter size of the dog bone upset rod part and meets the use demands of people.