The invention discloses a measurement device and detection method for a static unbalance moment, and belongs to the field of workpiece detection. The measurement device comprises a dynamometer, a balancing weight, two semi-circular clamps, and a rail part which is used for placing a to-be-detected shaft. The ends of the two semi-circular clamps are installed together in a detachable manner, and the two semi-circular clamps installed together form an installation through hole for fixing and sleeving the to-be-detected shaft. The balancing weight is detachably installed at the central part of one semi-circular clamp. A measurement end of the dynamometer is detachably installed at the central part of the other semi-circular clamp. A fixed end of the dynamometer is detachably installed on the rail part. The distance from a connection point between the balancing weight and one semi-circular clamp to the central axis of the installation through hole is the shortest, and is equal to the shortest distance from a connection point between the measurement end of the dynamometer and the other semi-circular clamp to the central axis of the installation through hole. The device improves the measurement efficiency of the static unbalance moment.