The invention discloses a table-driven signature error detection algorithm. According to the algorithm, information of a control flow graph is stored in a two-dimensional table (CFID table) based on a finite state machine (FSM) theory; and by comparing signatures in basic blocks with signatures stored in the CFID table, illegal instruction skip is detected out. Illegal instruction skip errors, incapable of being detected by a CFCSS algorithm, of shared branch fan-in nodes can be successfully detected. An experimental result shows that the average error detection coverage rate reaches 98.1%, and the number of error detection instructions inserted in each basic block is smaller than that of the error detection instructions inserted in CFCSS.