The invention relates to a quick construction method for a three-dimensional space of a device during intelligent patrol of a petrochemical enterprise and mainly aims to solve the problems that personnel positioning is inaccurate and workload is large in the prior art. By the adoption of the quick construction method for the three-dimensional space of the device during intelligent patrol of the petrochemical enterprise, equipment information with remarkable local characteristics in key frames is extracted in combination with a petrochemical equipment three-dimensional model base, benchmark component identification and position matching are realized, design grammar of the petrochemical device is learned, training is performed to generate a component spatial relation grammar constraint base, spatial arrangement information of complicated pipelines is extracted, identification information of valves and a constraint relation between the valves are utilized to correct a reconstructed three-dimensional, and finally quick reconstruction of the petrochemical device is realized. Through the technical scheme, the problems are well solved, and the method can be applied to intelligent patrol of the petrochemical enterprise.