The invention provides a matching stochastic resonance detection method. The noise of the marine environment is received and extracted through a sensor, and the noise of the marine environment is described through a column-dimensional distribution model. Under the input action of a weak signal, a signal-to-noise ratio is output. The optimal relation of system parameters is obtained through a maximum barrier height. According to the amplitude condition generated by stochastic resonance, system parameters are determined, so that the parameter relation of an optimal matching system of a second-order bistable system is obtained. Finally, an optimal matching stochastic resonance system is obtained. By using the optimal matching stochastic resonance system, the weak signal detection is carried out. According to the invention, the effectiveness and the possibility of detecting weak signals in complex marine environment noises are improved.