The invention discloses an inspecting and cleaning robot for a heat exchanger pipeline. The inspecting and cleaning robot comprise a support assembly, a translation assembly, a contraction wire and a control system. The support assembly comprises a support rod and walking wheels located at the two ends of the support rod and capable of rotating under the drive of a walking wheel drive device. The translation assembly comprises a sliding rail arranged on the support rod in parallel and a sliding block capable of sliding along the sliding rail under the drive of a sliding block drive device. The contraction wire is arranged on the sliding block, and one end of the contraction wire can extend into or contract from the heat exchanger pipeline under the drive of a contraction wire drive device. The control system is used for driving the walking wheel drive device, the sliding block drive device and the contraction wire drive device to act according to preset commands. By means of the device, an inspector does not need to go to a site to do the work and just needs to input a command to the control system from the far end, in this way, the inspector can inspect and clean multiple heat exchangers at the same time, the workload is reduced, the manpower and material resources are saved, meanwhile the probability of introducing secondary pollutants is reduced, and the cleaning effect can be improved.