The invention discloses a single chip microcomputer-based stepping motor control system comprising a single chip microcomputer, a keyboard module, a serial communication interface, a sensor module, a chopped wave comparison circuit, a drive circuit and a power amplifier circuit; the single chip microcomputer is connected with the keyboard module, the chopped wave comparison circuit and a D/A converter. In the single chip microcomputer-based stepping motor control system, stored subdivision current control signals are output via the single chip microcomputer before being converted into analog voltage signals via the D/A converter, chopped wave control signals can be formed for controlling on and off of a preceding stage drive circuit of each power tube after the analog voltage signals are compared with sampling signals, closed loop control of currents in windings can be realized, precision step pitch division can be achieved, an isolation module is added, a circuit of the isolation module is optimized in design, stability of the isolation module is improved, service life of the system can be prolonged, and different detection overvoltage values can be set and fed back to the single chip microcomputer for control after different component values are set via a protection circuit; the system disclosed in the invention is simple in circuit structure and wide in application scope.