The invention discloses a strain strengthening capacity control system and method. The system comprises a low-temperature liquid storage inner container, a supercharging device and a water tank. The left end of the low-temperature liquid storage inner container is provided with a water inlet, the water tank is connected to the supercharging device through a pipeline, the other end of the supercharging device is connected to a water inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage inner container through a water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is provided with a valve, the bottom of the right end of the low-temperature liquid storage inner container is provided with a liquid outlet, and the low-temperature liquid storage inner container is further provided with a pressure gage. Technological pretreatment is carried out on the inner container of the low-temperature pressure inner container before strain strengthening treatment is carried out, then, normal strain strengthening technological treatment is carried out, the strain capacity of the inner container in the strain strengthening process can be effectively controlled, and the problem of strain strengthening excess is solved, the technological process is easy and convenient, operation is easy, and the effect is remarkable.