The invention discloses a high-strength bolt construction information monitoring system, and the system comprises a QR code scanning device which comprises a QR code comprising the constructor information and construction plan information; an automatic device which collects the construction process information and classifies the construction process information; a digital control module which integrates the constructor information and construction plan information and the construction process information and controls the storage and uploading of the constructor information and construction plan information and the construction process information; a data transmission module which transmits the information integrated by the digital control module to a monitoring platform and a server; the monitoring platform which stores the stock information of a bolt, the constructor information, the construction plan information, the construction process information and the construction equipment information, and storing the information in the server; and the server which stores information stored on the data transmission module and the monitoring platform. The invention also provides a high-strength bolt construction information monitoring method. The beneficial effects of the invention are that the construction information from bolt purchase to construction completion is recorded and arranged, thereby achieving the correlation of various types of information, guaranteeing the complete and effective recording of construction information, and greatly improving the management efficiency.