The invention relates to the field of molecular biology and bioinformatics, in particular to a method for researching and developing a novel molecular marker based on pig ERV transposon insertion polymorphism. The method comprises the following steps: taking an LTR sequence of ERV as an inquiry sequence, and searching an insertion site in a disclosed genome of a pig; extending 300 to 500 nucleotide sequences upstream and downstream respectively from each insertion site, and downloading each sequence; removing redundancies from the obtained sequences, comparing a plurality of the sequences, and reserving 300 to 500 nucleotide sequences and LTR sequences in a flanking region of the ERV insertion site of each insertion site sequence; designing a detecting primer to serve as a molecular marker primer to be verified according to the obtained sequence information; performing PCR amplification on different species or genome samples of different individuals of the same specie by utilizing the molecular marker primer to be verified, and selecting a primer combination which can amplify a stripe clearly and has polymorphism to obtain the molecular mark. The method for researching and developing the novel molecular marker based on the pig ERV transposon insertion polymorphism can provide a useful molecular marker for pig strain authentication and marker assisted selection in breeding.