The invention discloses a determination method and device for an axle material. The method at least includes the steps of conducting axle modeling on the basis of axle packet parameters and axle tubeparameters of axles, and obtaining an axle model; on the basis of the axle model and material parameters, generating a finite-element stress-strain calculation model; on the basis of the finite-element stress-strain calculation model, obtaining a stress-strain cloud picture; on the basis of the stress-strain cloud picture, obtaining a fatigue life cloud picture, and determining the axle material.Therefore, on the premise of maintaining the structures of the axles, through optimal material selection, the fatigue life of the axles is prolonged to the maximum degree, and the technical effects ofprolonging fatigue life of the axles and preventing the axles from getting invalid too early are achieved.