The invention discloses a preparation method of a layered silicate mineral material based efficient adsorbent. The preparation method comprises steps as follows: layered silicate mineral is soaked inwater and is filtered after absorbing water sufficiently, and low-temperature drying is performed; freezing treatment is performed, and the temperature is reduced to zero DEG C or lower; an obtained material is put in a vacuum suction filter and subjected to vacuum pumping treatment; finally, the material is subjected to high-temperature drying treatment, and the layered silicate mineral materialbased efficient adsorbent is obtained. A freeze stripping method is a physical modification process performed under the condition that original interlayer spacing of the adsorbent is not changed, andother chemical modifiers are not needed; secondary pollution caused by the modification process is effectively avoided. A layered silicate mineral material is treated with the freeze stripping methodas a physical treatment method, so that the specific surface area of mineral can be increased, and the adsorption capacity of the mineral is greatly improved. Particularly, no chemical reagents are adopted for modification, and secondary pollution to the to-be-adsorbed material is avoided.