The invention provides railway structure concrete protecting coating and a preparation method and a using method thereof. The protecting coating comprises a sealing primer layer, a polyurethane middlepaint layer and a fluorocarbon finish paint layer. The protecting coating has excellent adhesion; when the protecting coating is used for protecting a railway concrete bridge, the protecting coatingcan avoid occurrence of a situation that the railway concrete bridge cracks first and then is repaired in a special environmental region, significantly improves the durability of the railway concretebridge, prolongs the service life the railway concrete bridge, can achieve an excellent concrete protecting effect in the case of relatively thin concrete bridge coating thickness, and is convenient and fast to use; the protecting coating can also be used for protecting the surface of a ballastless track structure, and when the protecting coating is applied to the surface of a concrete track plateunder a steel rail or the surface of a ballast bed plate, the temperature difference between day and night due to sunlight irradiation can be reduced, the warpage amount of the track plate can be reduced, the open joints of plate corners or upwarp of the ballast bed plate or other damages can be reduced or even eliminated, and the effect of improving the durability of a ballastless track high-speed railway with a strict requirement on the smoothness is relatively good.