The invention discloses an intelligent detection system and method of coal and gas outburst roadway disasters. The intelligent detection system comprises an unmanned-aerial-vehicle ground control system, an intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle, an independent wireless signal relay unit, an airborne gas sensor, an airborne dust sensor, an airborne high-definition camera system, an airborne infraredimaging system, an airborne laser scanner and an airborne high-speed wireless transmission system. Gas density, dust density, outburst positions, outburst roadway real-time images, downhole disaster victim positions and the like in the coal and gas outburst roadways are automatically collected through airborne equipment of the intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle, the airborne high-speed wireless transmission system transmits data to the unmanned-aerial-vehicle ground control system automatically via the independent wireless signal relay unit, the collected data is analyzed, reasonable refuge places of the downhole disaster victims and best relief time for ground relief workers are guided on the basis of analyzed results, and safe and efficient rescue on the coal and gas outburst accidentsis favorably realized.