The invention discloses a bandwidth compressed high-spectral-efficiency multi-carrier communication method, belonging to the field of multi-carrier communication technology. The method comprises the following steps: serially connecting external coding and multi-carrier modulation processing at a transmitter through pseudo-random interleaving, and equalizing to a mode of encoding signals through aserially concatenated Turbo code; performing decoding and interference cancellation at a receiver by using an iterative decoding structure of a serial Turbo code, serially connecting internal decodingprocessing and external decoding processing through pseudo-random interleaving and de-interleaving, and continuously exchanging soft information with each other to achieve iteration, wherein the internal decoding mode performs iterative estimation and cancellation for ICI by using a successive interference cancellation method, the external decoding mode decodes external codes by using a soft input and soft output method, and thus the impact of Gaussian white noises of channels can be resisted. Compared with existing methods, by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, a better detection performance can be obtained by using a lower computation complexity, and meanwhile, a large multi-carrier communication system with more sub-carriers can be adapted.