The invention discloses an identification method for pump station characteristic curve coefficients of a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, and relates to the technical field of hydrodynamic model parameter identification. The method comprises the steps that a one-dimensional open channel hydrodynamic model of a target open channel is built on the basis of a Saint-Venant equation, and roughness coefficients of a front connection channel and a back connection channel of a to-be-identified pump station are calibrated; the to-be-identified pump station boundary takes a continuity equation and apump station characteristic curve as consistency equations to be coupled with the Saint-Venant equation in the step 1 to form a one-dimensional channel-pump station hydrodynamic model containing the to-be-identified pump station boundary; state-space equations including the state equation X=phiX+w and the measurement equation Y=HX+v which take the three pump stationcharacteristic curve coefficients of the to-be-identified pump station as state vectors are constructed; and observation data obtained in the time period when the angle or rotating speed of a pump station unit is invariable is selected, and a Kalman filter set is called to assimilate the curve coefficients. According to the method, the curve coefficients under any working conditions are automatically identified, and therefore the value simulation precision and adaptability of the river network hydrodynamic model are effectively improved.