The invention provides a garage vehicle location and navigation method based on image characteristic recognition. The garage vehicle location and navigation method comprises the following steps: making and storing an electronic map of a garage, acquiring an image in front of a vehicle by virtue of image acquisition equipment carried by the vehicle and recognizing number of a parking space in the acquired image in real time through image processing in advance, firstly determining a position of the parking space of a corresponding number of the parking space in the electronic map, further determining a position of the vehicle in the electronic map according to the position of the parking space in real time; then arranging sequence in contrast to positions of the numbers of the parking spacesin the electronic map according to continuously recognized numbers of adjacent parking spaces, so that driving direction of the vehicle is determined; and finally, planning a navigation route in realtime according to the position of the vehicle in the electronic map and a set destination in the electronic map, and displaying in the electronic map, so that real-time location and navigation of thevehicle in the garage is realized, and the garage vehicle location and navigation method has the advantages of low cost, simple recognition principle, accurate location and the like.