The invention discloses a method and a system for the combined treatment of antimony smelting blast furnace slags and lead removing slags. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out pulverizing treatment on the antimony smelting blast furnace slags so as to obtain antimony smelting blast furnace slag powder; mixing the antimony smelting blast furnace slag powder, a reducing agent, an additive and a binding agent, and carrying out pelleting so as to obtain material pellets; carrying out drying treatment on the material pellets so as to obtain dry material pellets; carrying out reduction roasting on the dry material pellets so as to separately obtain dust containing antimony oxide, zinc oxide and lead oxide and metallized pellets; and carrying out smelting treatment on the metallized pellets and the lead removing slags so as to obtain lead-antimony alloy and slags. The method is simple in production technology, low in auxiliary material consumption and low in energy consumption. The method not only can efficiently recycle valuable metals, such as antimony, lead and zinc, in the antimony smelting blast furnace slags and the lead removing slags but also can effectively solve the land occupying and environment pollution problems of the antimony smelting blast furnace slags.