An unmanned detection rope climbing robot effectively solves the problem that detection robots do not allow aloft replacement of detection objects and comprises a straight plate. A first support is vertically arranged on the straight plate, a rolling shaft is horizontally mounted on the first support, a roller is arranged on the rolling shaft, a first box and a second box are mounted at two ends of the straight plate respectively, the upper end of the first box is rotatably connected with the left end of the straight plate, a first sliding groove is formed in the rear side face of the first box, a slider is arranged in the first sliding groove, the first box and the second box are identical in structure, a first bevel gear mounted on a first motor rotating shaft is arranged in a cavity, and a second bevel gear in matched connection with the first bevel gear is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the first bevel gear. Four robot limbs are adopted, so that the robot can attach to a rope more firmly; full-automatic-control rotating and ascending structure is adopted, so that the rope climbing robot can be moved onto the rope above without manual carrying and mounting, andworking efficiency is improved.