The invention discloses a shear test bed capable of observing parodontium microstructure change in real time. A stepping motor and a speed reducer are arranged on a base plate, the speed reducer is fixedly connected with a vertical plate by virtue of a bolt, an output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with a lead screw by virtue of a coupler, the lead screw is supported by a BK type ball screw bearing and a BF type ball screw bearing which are arranged on the base plate, the lead screw is connected with a screw nut by virtue of a screw thread, the screw nut is arranged on a nut seat, a customized pressure head is arranged on a test board on the nut seat, a horizontal guide rail is arranged at one end of the base plate, a sliding table is connected with the horizontal guide rail in asliding manner, a clamping plate is arranged on the sliding table, a sample is fastened on the sliding table by the clamping plate by virtue of a screw thread, a grating scale is arranged at one sideof the lead screw, a reading head of the grating scale is connected with the nut seat by virtue of a bolt, and observation equipment is arranged on the base plate. The shear test bed disclosed by theinvention has the beneficial effects that shear tests with different loading rates and a stress relaxation and dynamic load test at high shearing strength can be carried out on a parodontium sample, the measurement accuracy is high, and the operation is easy.