The invention discloses a holographic storage device on the basis of a color separation reflecting layer. The holographic storage device comprises an optical disc. The optical disc comprises an optical disc substrate, a variable data layer for recording optical information is arranged on the optical disc substrate, an address layer, the color separation reflecting layer and a recording layer are sequentially arranged on the variable data layer from bottom to top, green light can be completely reflected by the color separation reflecting layer, red light can be transmitted through the color separation reflecting layer and can reach the address layer, and address information can be obtained after the red light reaches the address layer. The holographic storage device has the advantages thatthe problem of incapability of changing the storage density of storage materials with different weights in the prior art can be solved by the aid of the holographic storage device; the locations of holographic images formed on the recording layer are determined by servo signals of red laser, accordingly, the storage density of the holographic optical disc can be adjusted, up-down compatibility ofoptical discs in different versions can be implemented, and the sustainability of application of the optical discs in updating and upgrading procedures can be improved.