The invention relates to the field of high-resolution remote sensing image land classification, in particular to an object-oriented unmanned aerial vehicle high-resolution image coal fire region landcover classification method. The method comprises the main steps that on the basis of coal fire region high-resolution color images collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle, homogenous objects are divided through an image multi-resolution segmentation algorithm to construct an expert knowledge base adopting spectral signatures, shape features, textural features and height information as main parts,and high-precision classification of a coal fire region is achieved by means of a rule set and the most adjacent classification method, wherein the classification precision is much higher than that of a traditional pixel-based classification method. The requirement for complex coal ire region land cover precise classification is met.