The invention discloses automatic shooting task planning method for a visible light remote sensing space vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: setting a time unit, and carrying out shooting planning in the time unit according to track data provided by a measurement and control system, weather information provided by the weather bureau, residual capacity of a satellite-borne memory andcamera using constraint based on requirements of the shooting area required by a user in each time unit, and generating a shooting starting and stopping instruction; and in the time unit, implementing shooting planning again when weather information changes, wherein the setting range of the time unit is smaller than or equal to 24 hours. The invention also provides an automatic shooting task planning system. According to the invention, the newest track data is used for shooting planning, the defect of larger deviation of a shooting area caused by calculating the shooting instruction accordingto theoretical track can be overcome, the wastes of satellite-borne memory resource and a ground receiving station can be reduced to the maximum degree, and the observing efficiency of the space vehicle is improved.