The invention discloses a grounding protection device for overhead wire replacement construction, and a problem that an electric shock accident of people is easy to occur when a wire of an overhead line is replaced is solved. Copper rollers (28) are arranged on a bottom plate of a box-shaped frame (29) with intervals. An annular groove is arranged at the center of a wheel surface of each of the copper rollers (28). Spring box frames (25) capable of moving along a vertical direction are suspended on a top plate (20) of the box-shaped frame (29) above the copper rollers (28). The spring box frames (25) are internally provided with pressing springs (21). A lower bottom surface of a bottom plate of the spring box frames (25) is provided with a wire pressing wheel bracket which is provided withdrum-shaped rubber wire pressing wheels (27). A replaced conductive wire (4) is movably pressed and connected between the annular grooves of the copper rollers (28) and the drum-shaped rubber wire pressing wheels (27). The box-shaped frame (29) is connected to a grounding anchor (30). The safety of a construction worker is protected to a largest degree.