The invention discloses an active frequency modulation and vibration reduction device with fully symmetric tension and compression performance and belongs to the field of active variable-rigidity vibration reduction. The active frequency modulation and vibration reduction device comprises a vibration isolator shell, a cover plate A, a cover plate B, a lifting support rod capable of freely rising and falling, a lifting plate A, a lifting plate B, a metal coiled spring and n groups of rigidity regulating modules, wherein the cover plate A and the cover plate B are arranged at the two ends of thevibration isolator shell; the lifting support rod penetrates through the cover plate A; the lifting plate A and the lifting plate B are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the lifting support rod; and the n groups of rigidity regulating modules are symmetrically distributed on a shaft in the vibration isolator shell, and n is a natural number greater than 2. Besides, the device further comprises a control system, and the control system can control the rotating of a stepper motor and realize rigidity multiplied regulation. The active frequency modulation and vibration reduction device canactively regulate system rigidity and realize the performance of fully symmetric tension and compression resisting rigidity.