The invention discloses an eddy current heating-based black body surface type temperature source and a use method. The temperature source comprises a thermal insulating ceramic sleeve, and a tungstencopper alloy block is arranged in the inner cavity of the thermal insulating ceramic sleeve; a black body radiation source is arranged on the upper surface of the tungsten copper alloy block; an air gap is formed between the overall structure formed by the tungsten copper alloy block and the black body radiation source, and the inner wall of the thermal insulating ceramic sleeve; the periphery ofthe thermal insulating ceramic is sleeved with an inductive coil; the hot end of a thermoelectric couple temperature sensor is embedded in the black body radiation source; a ceramic pipe passes through the bottom of the thermal insulating ceramic sleeve, and the upper end is connected with the air gap formed between the tungsten copper alloy block and the thermal insulating ceramic sleeve; a temperature source control system comprises a cooling air supplying system and a heating control system in mutual connection; the lower end of the ceramic pipe is connected with the cooling air supplying system; and the inductive coil and the thermoelectric couple temperature sensor are both connected with the heating control system. By virtue of the eddy current heating-based black body surface type temperature source and the use method, low temperature, middle temperature and high temperature levels can be realized, the effective radiation area is relatively large, and high temperature stabilityand high temperature uniformity are achieved.