The invention relates to a night vision identification device used for an autonomous vehicle. The device includes a bearing base, a distance measuring device, an infrared human body sensor, a width measuring instrument, a low-light-level night vision instrument, a monitoring camera, at least one auxiliary light source, a displayer, an operating key and a controller. The bearing base is of a grid structure, and the front end face of the bearing base are uniformly provided with three guiding slide rails; the distance measuring device, the infrared human body sensor and the width measuring instrument form a distance measuring detection set; the low-light-level night vision instrument and the monitoring camera form a monitoring set, and the distance measuring detection set, the monitoring setand the auxiliary light sources are distributed on the three guiding slide rails respectively. The controller includes a protection shell, a semiconductor refrigeration mechanism, a control circuit, apower-supply wire connection terminal, a serial communication terminal, a wireless communication device and a GNSS satellite positioning device. The device can effectively meet the needs of the outside-vehicle environment monitoring and identifying under different illumination conditions, and thus effectively improve the safety and reliability of the autonomous vehicle in the running process under different illumination conditions.