The invention provides an ejection rail vehicle collision test bench and belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle collision test. A motor and a speed change mechanism thereof are disposed on oneend, far from a rigid wall, of a rail. Uprights are disposed on the ground on both sides of the rail. One end of a traction rope is connected with the speed change mechanism of the motor, and the other end of the traction rope is connected with a fixing bracket of a pulley. The middle section of an elastic rope passes by the pulley to be in contact with a guide wheel. Two ends of the elastic ropeare fixed to the uprights. A traction pulley base is fixed to the middle part of the tail end of a collision test vehicle. Guide wheels are arranged on both sides of the tail end of the collision test vehicle. A high-speed camera measuring head is located under a support board. An information acquisition control box is disposed on the upper surface of the support board. A speed measuring head ina speed detection device is located on the right side of the rail. The support board is equipped with a high-speed camera device the measuring head of which is disposed right above the middle of the rail. Each of left and right sides of the bottom of a support vehicle bottom plate are provided with two pairs of deceleration wheels. The two sides of the bottom plate are provided with uprights. Theuprights are provided with crossbeams and electromagnets.