The invention relates to a star map recognition method, a star map recognition apparatus and a star map recognition system based on triangle matching. According to the present invention, part of starpoints are selected from bright stars, and are recognized, and re-selection is performed if the recognition fails, such that the interference caused by pseudo stars in the star map can be eliminated;the matching is performed with the multiple star points, such that the redundant matching probability can be substantially reduced in the case of the high error margin; the traditional absolute errorthreshold is changed into the relative error threshold, such that the small angular distance is corresponding to the small error margin so as to increase the calculation speed; and the primary recognition on the star points is completed by comparing the star number, and the primary recognition result is verified by comparing the theoretical angular distance value calculated with right ascension and declination to the actual measurement value, such that the number of the searching of the star number according to the angular distance and the number of the star number comparing are reduced, and the total recognition speed is improved.