The invention discloses a method for preparing a molybdenum disulfide target material. The method comprises the following steps that 1, molybdenum disulfide powder is subjected to vacuum low-temperature heat treatment; 2, the molybdenum disulfide powder after vacuum low-temperature heat treatment is subjected to ball milling treatment; 3, the molybdenum disulfide powder after ball milling treatment is compressed into a molybdenum disulfide blank; 4, the molybdenum disulfide blank is loaded into a packaging sleeve, hot isostatic pressure treatment is conducted after vacuumizing solder sealing,and after the packaging sleeve is removed, a molybdenum disulfide target material crude product is obtained; and 5, mechanical machining and cleaning are conducted on the molybdenum disulfide target material crude product, and finally, the molybdenum disulfide target material is obtained. According to the method for preparing the molybdenum disulfide target material, vacuum low-temperature heat treatment and ball milling are conducted on the molybdenum disulfide powder in sequence, so that the quality purity and the compressibility of the molybdenum disulfide powder are improved; and then a method that compressing and hot isostatic pressure are combined is adopted, so that the compactness and the quality purity of the molybdenum disulfide target material are improved, the forming temperature of hot isostatic pressure is lowered, the time of hot isostatic pressure is shortened, and meanwhile, the application range of raw materials is enlarged.