The invention provides a sediment impulse cleaning system of a slurry pipeline, which comprises a slurry feeding pipeline and a slurry discharging pipeline; the slurry discharging pipeline comprises afront end slurry discharging part, a sediment pipeline and a back end slurry discharging part which are linked in order and in series; the slurry discharging pump is mounted on the back end slurry discharging part, the slurry discharging pipeline is horizontal, and the section area of the sediment pipeline is more than the section area of the front end slurry discharging part; an impulse pump isfurther mounted between the slurry feeding pipeline and the sediment pipeline, and a fluid inlet pipe of the impulse pump is linked to the slurry feeding pipeline in series; a fluid outlet pipe of theimpulse pump is linked to the upstream of the sediment pipeline in series; the back end slurry discharging part is further linked with a sediment collecting box in parallel, and the upstream of the sediment collecting box is connected to the downstream of the sediment pipeline through a stone feeding pipe; the stone feeding pipe is located at the lower side of the back end slurry discharging part, the downstream of the sediment collecting box is linked with the downstream of the back end slurry discharging part through a recycling pipe. The cleaning system can clean the sediment box continuously without shutdown.