The invention discloses a hook type self-adaptive positioning control device for a one-line stretching and straightening machine. The hook type self-adaptive positioning control device comprises a stretching head and a stretching tail bracket, wherein the stretching head and the stretching tail bracket are arranged at the two ends of a stretched product correspondingly. The stretching head comprises a stretching jaw connected with one end of the stretched product. The stretching jaw is connected with a stretching oil cylinder through a movable cross beam and provided with a rotating device, wherein the rotating device is used for changing the angle. The stretching oil cylinder drives the stretching jaw so that a guiding wheel at the bottom of the stretching jaw can move along a rail. The guiding wheel is provided with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor. The stretching tail bracket comprises a tail bracket jaw, wherein the tail bracket jaw is connected with the other end of the stretched product. The tail bracket jaw is connected with a tail bracket vehicle body through a tail bracket walking control device. The tail bracket vehicle body is provided with a laser ranging device,wherein the laser ranging device controls the walking displacement and speed of the stretching tail bracket. The stretching head and the stretching tail bracket are controlled through a PLC control system and a HMI. The hook type self-adaptive positioning control device has the beneficial effects that positioning is conducted precisely, the automation level is high, and the service life of equipment is greatly prolonged.